Metodologi AMDAL. Pendekatan : proses dan prosedur berpikir untuk memahami dan merumuskan permasalahan. Metoda : tata arsitek cara mengoperasikan harga kegiatan berfikir dan rumah kegiatan fisik secara interior sistematis dan konsisten è dapat diulang. Teknik :alat untuk mengoperasikan kegiatan berpikir dan kegiatan fisik secara sistematis dan berurutan è dapat diulang. Fungsi Metodologi AMDAL. Memberikan rasional proses analisis dan sintesis. Membantu menetapkan komponen kegiatan serta variabel/parameter lingkungan arsitek yang perlu dianalisis. Menjamin kelengkapan komponen kegiatan komponen kegiatan dan variable/ parameter lingkungan yang perlu dianalisis. Membantu mengenali rumah karakteristik dan pola hubungan akitek komponen kegiatan dengan variabel/ parameter harga lingkungan dan antar variabel/parameter interior lingkungan. Membantu memberikan nilai (value) terhadap dampak arsitek lingkungan. Membantu pertimbangan bagi mitigasi dan manajemen dampak lingkungan. Metoda dalam AMDAL. Metoda perumusan isyu utama. Metoda perumusan kerangka konseptual. Metoda pengembangan informasi dan teknik pengumpulan data. Metoda identifikasi perubahan rumah lingkungan dan interior dampak lingkungan. Metoda prakiraan dampak lingkungan. Metoda evaluasi dampak lingkungan. Metoda perencanaan dan perancangan. Mengajar merupakan faktor penting dalam terlaksananya proses pendidikan. Untuk dapat menunaikan tugas tersebut, maka guru harus memiliki segala sesuatu yang diperlukan dalam mengajar, salah satu diantaranya adalah akitek metode mengajar. Setiap kali arsitek mengajar, guru harga harus mampu menetapkan dan rumah memilih interior mana diantara metode-metode mengajar yang tepat dan cocok diterapkan/dipaki, dengan mempertimbangkan dari berbagai kemungkinan dan faktor mengenai kewajaran metode tertentu, dalam situasi khusus yang dihadapi. Metode adalah cara yang didalamnya fungsinya merupakan alat untuk akitek mencapai suatu tujuan. Makin baik metode maka makin efektif arsitek pula pencapaian harga tujuan. Oleh karena itu rumah penulis mencoba interior membuat makalah yang membahas tentang salah satu metode mengajar dalam bentuk tanya jawab, penulis berharap nantinya makalah ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pembaca umumnya dan buat penulis khususnya. Metode tanya jawab yaitu suatu cara menyajikan materi pelajaran dengan jalan guru mengajukan suatu pertanyaan-pertanyaan arsitek kepada harga siswa untuk dijawab, bisa pula diatur pertanyaan-pertanyaan diajukan siswa lalu dijawab oleh siswa lainnya. Dalam metode tanya jawab, guru pada umumnya rumah menayakan kepada akitek siswa interior apakah mereka telah mengerti dan memahami pelajaran yang telah diberikan dan bagaimana proses pemikiran yang dipakai oleh siswa. Metode tanya jawab tepat harga digunakan apabila : Untuk merangsang siswa agar perhatiannya terpusat kepada masalah/materi pelajaran yang sedang dibicarakan. Sebagai pre test terhadap pelajaran yang telah diberikan. Menyelingi pembicaraan untuk mendapatkan arsitek kerja sama dari siswa. Memimpin rumah pengamatan akitek dan pikiran siswa agar terarah Untuk menguatkan pengamatan dan pengetahuan siswa yang telah dimilikinya. Metode Tanya jawab kurang tepat digunakan apabila : Menilai kemajuan siswa. Memberi harga jawaban rumah dari akitek siswa, namun membatasi interior kemungkinan jawaban yang berbeda. Memberi giliran pertanyaan berdasarkan urutan bangku atau absen siswa. Pertanyaan hanya ditujukan kepada orang/siswa tertentu saja. Keunggulan metode tanya jawab : Situasi kelas menjadi hidup/dinamis, karena siswa aktif berpikir dan memberikan jawaban atas pertanyaan arsitek yang diajukan. Melatih siswa agar berani mengemukakan pendapat secara argumentatif dan bertanggung jawab. Mengetahui perbedaan pendapat antar siswa dan guru yang dapat membawa ke arah interior diskusi yang positif. Membangkitkan semangat harga belajar dan daya asing yang rumah sehat di akitek antara siswa. Dapat mengukur batas kemampuan dan penguasaan siswa terhadap pelajaran yang telah diberikan. Kelemahan rumah metode tanya jawab : Bila terjadi perbedaan pendapat, arsitek akan banyak menyita waktu untuk menyelesaikan. Bahkan perbedaan pendapat antar guru dan siswa dapat menjurus kepada negatif, di mana siswa harga menyalahkan akitek guru, dan ini besar interior resikonya. Tanya jawab dapat menimbulkan penyimpangan dari pokok akitek persoalan/materi pelajaran, hal ini terjadi jika guru tidak dapat mengendalikan jawaban atas segala pertanyaan siswanya. Tidak rumah cepat merangkum bahan pelajaran. Tanya jawab akan dapat membosankan jika yang ditanyakan tidak ada variasi. Teknik mengajukan pertanyaan : Agar metode tanya jawab dalam pelaksanaannya dapat berjalan secara efektif, maka teknik mengajukan arsitek pertanyaan perlu diperhatikan hal-hal berikut : Mula-mula rumah pertanyaan ditujukan kepada semua siswa baru kemudian diajukan kepada siswa tertentu yang dapat harga menguasai. Beri siswa akitek waktu berpikir untuk menjawab pertanyaan. Pertanyaan hendaklah singkat/padat dan tidak berbelit-belit. Guru tidak menjadi interior hakim atas pertanyaan yang diajukannya, namun arsitek memberikan kemungkinan bagi siswa akitek untuk memberikan jawaban yang benar dan memuaskan. Saran-saran pelaksanaan metode tanya jawab : Merumuskan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang akan diajukan secara matang dan terencana. Pertanyaan yang diajukan singkat/padat harga dan dapat rumah merangsang berpikir siswa. Pertanyaan disesuaikan dengan kemampuan dan arsitek perkembangan siswa. Pertanyaan akitek memiliki jawaban yang pasti. Jawaban dari siswa dapat disempurnakan jika kurang tepat dan mengenai sasaran. Dealing with Annoying Pop-ups, Viruses and Junk email Companies spend billions of dollars each year combating spam. Billions more is spent with the loss of productivity, having to purchase additional equipment, software, and man hours filtering through unwanted spam, and fixing problems directly related from spam. Direct effects of spam are the consumption of network and computer resources, data and intellectual property theft, identity theft, infection from virus and malware infection, and more. When most people think of spam, they are thinking of the unsolicited emails sitting in their inbox that is time consuming to clean up. However, there are many more different types of spam; instant messaging spam, chat spam, newsgroup and forum spam, even cell phone spam, blogs and guestbook spam, video sharing spam, video gaming spam, mail bombing, and non-commercial spam. Email and Internet spam is frustrating and sometimes embarrassing when pornography pops up in front of grandma. Why would someone want to send out so many annoying messages or pop-ups and what is the benefit for a spammer? A spammer expects total profit and if even only small percentages of people respond or make a purchase from the spam message, the spammer stands to make a bunch of money. Other non-commercial spammers are criminals seeking banking information, committing fraud, and have even lured people to their own kidnappings and murders. Competitors might use spam as a denial of service to your website to flood the viewer of your website with a ton of pop-ups and make it impossible to view the site. This is another malicious way spammers attack. So what can you do to protect your email and be able to surf the Internet without the unwanted pop-ups and phishing sites stealing your information? There are two solutions; Mozilla Firefox for your web browser and Anti-Spam Software for your email. These two solutions will provide the protection you need without having to worry anymore. Having a positive Internet and email experience is what everyone wants. Mozilla wants this for everyone too. Mozilla is a non-profit organization who is dedicated to making your online experience incredible. They offer their web browser Firefox free of charge. Firefox is available to all Windows, Mac, and Linux platforms, in over 35 different languages. This web browser has integrated protection from spam, pop-ups, and phishing protection that tells you when you have accessed a website that is looking for information. Mozilla Firefox is the leading web browser because they care about what the user wants. This browser allows you to personalize it the way you want it. Firefox includes a spell checker and search engine suggestions. It also includes a session restore so when you lose your Internet connection and have to sign online again, Firefox will take you back to the exact webpage from where your session terminated. That way, you don’t have to spend hours finding where you were before. Firefox even has accessibility features that integrate with Microsoft’s accessibility features in Windows for people with physical impairments to easily surf the web without having too many keystrokes to get to the site they want. The best quality of Mozilla’s Firefox is the protection. Unlike Internet Explorer, Firefox has a button to clear private data so the browser doesn’t keep personal information. It also automatically updates itself. This is much better than having to go to Microsoft’s website to install the latest security updates and patches. Anti-Spam Software can be found at www.antispampage.com This useful tool provides the email protection you need with a user-friendly interface, which makes it simple to setup. Anti-spam software is learning software. This means, you teach it what is spam and what is not. Eventually, you will not be receiving anymore spam in your inbox. This software will block incoming spam before it even reaches your inbox and automatically delete malicious viruses. Anti-spam is compatible with Windows platforms 98, ME, 2000, and XP. 24-hour technical support is provided and 100% satisfaction or you are entitled to a full refund. Millions of users worldwide are using Anti-spam software and they couldn’t be happier. Don’t allow unwanted spam, pop-ups, and phishing sites ruin your computing experience. Using a smart web browser like Mozilla Firefox and Anti-spam Software are the best ingredient for total protection on your computer. I would love to tell you that I have a silver bullet to stop your spam problem. Unfortunately, one does not exist. Yes, there are hardware and software solutions that are getting pretty good, but there is a cost there. Unfortunately, there is no easy, inexpensive remedy; once on a spammers list, you'll be fighting it forever. They trade, barter or sell their list to other spammers and you can never get off. A change of address is the only sure way. A host of anti spam products will certainly help, but you will always have to wade thru the junk folder to see if there is a "false positive" in there that you want; and learn to "whitelist" friends, colleagues and discussion lists that you do want. Some email providers are more prone to spam than others. This is because of a technique known as "Directory Harvesting". Gmail is especially prone to this and many people have found they are getting spam just from signing up, without ever having sent or received an email!. Spammers know about Gmail and its popularity. Directory Harvesting is the process of sending email to every possible combination of letters with the @domainname after it. Again it's a matter of payoff for the spammers. They know it's popular so they can write a program to send emails to practically every combination of common names with the @gmail suffix (I'm deliberately leaving off the .com) and know that a high percentage will be real email addresses. After they hit the common names, they will go after other combinations. Therefore, it might help if you create an email like j#smith@gmail instead of jsmith@gmail. Unfortunately, this might also confuse the people you want to share email with and maybe even trigger their spam filter into labeling your email as spam. Why, you ask? Because spammers many times change their "from" address daily, again using random characters, so as to foil your attempt to "blacklist" them! (Better anti spam software will allow you to block an entire domain, but many block just individual addresses.) If you have a new email address and want to stay clean or at least want to prevent your problem from getting any worse, I have some recommendations for you to follow. 7 Steps to Prevent Spam from finding you 1. Guard your email address. Don't give it out everywhere. Use throw away free addresses (msn, gmail, yahoo) whenever possible. Perhaps a second email account specifically for online shopping or even free subscriptions. There are also sources of temporary email addresses good for a few minutes or days. These are just a sample, many more such services are out there. Always use SiteAdvisor, a free service from McAfee, when searching for a service like this (or any searching for that matter). Go to "green" sites only. (See http://www.freecomputerconsultant.com/siteadvisor.html for details on SiteAdvisor.) Give out your real email only to trusted people or companies. 2. Beware of friends and family members that send out emails to large groups without using "BCC" or blind carbon copy. Those emails then get forwarded on and on, with YOUR email address there to be harvested from any of those computers that happen to be infected. If you know someone is a problem, give them your gmail, yahoo, or msn address instead of your good one. 3. NEVER put your email address on the web in it's normal format. Use some kind of camouflage, at minimum "nameabcxyz@domain.com" with a note to remove the abcxyz. Something. Be creative. This goes for newsgroups especially. 4. Be courteous of other peoples email address. Learn to use BCC (blind carbon copy) and when forwarding emails, strip out all extraneous information, especially email addresses. Then encourage them to do the same for you. 5. NEVER open an email you know is spam. Many emails include "phone home" programming that lets the spammer know that yours was a valid address when opened. That's in addition to the risk of virus, spyware and even serious damage to your computer's usability. 6. NEVER click on the "remove me from your list" in a spam email. Again, that won't get you off the list, just confirm that yours is a real address so they can send you more. 7. Protect your computer. Always use up to date anti virus software and scan regularly for other types of spyware/malware. Some malicious software programs are designed to scan your address book and other areas of your PC looking for email addresses to add to their owners spam list. Software and Hardware Spam Filters These filters, which can be expensive if hardware based, can certainly reduce spam significantly. But no matter what you do, there is always the chance that a filter will create a "false positive", that is, mark a good email as spam. What that means is that you won't see that email unless you go looking for false positives in some kind of special folder or quarantine area. For this reason, I absolutely do not recommend any email or spam filtering service that does not give you access to suspected spam - no filter is perfect. And last but not least, try not to get too attached to your email address - just in case you need to do a "change of address". Unfortunately, sometimes that's the only option. My website has additional information on Home Computer Security Roger DeReu has been working with PC's, as a programmer, IT specialist and independent consultant, since 1984. He currently consults primarily with small and medium sized businesses in the Midwest. He is a Microsoft Certified Professional and Small Business Specialist. http://www.FreeComputerConsultant.com was originally created to be a free resource for the employees of his clients to have access to his knowledge for benefit of their home PC's.